Storyboards

Photoshoot

Why was a photoshoot essential to carry out?
A photoshoot was essential to have because in the dance genre woman are dressed in provocative or minimal clothing and are usually shown in dance videos and magazine covers, so when I decided to make my magazine cover and digipak I thought that using a woman would convey the codes and conventions of the dance genre. Also the picture of a female I use will be shown as if she is in a dancing pose, which conveys the dance genre. As I can only use primary sources for pictures because of copyright infringement, we decided to ask a friend to pose for them. As we are conveying the dance genre our group agreed that she should wear shorts and a crop top which will go fit in with the characteristics of woman wearing minimal clothing in the dance genre. Also she has big curly hair which is in fashion so as well as conveying the dance genre the picture will appeal to our target audience. We asked our friend to pose in a dance position, ensuring that we carried the photoshoot out with a white wall behind so that once we have the correct shot it will be easier to crop on photoshop. To ensure that we capture the picture we need for our album we will take about 20 shots of different poses and choose the ones which connote the dance genre the most.

Include a selection of photos and a description of where you can use them? (advert, digipak ect)

The first photo I have taken could be used on the inside of my digipak. In this photo my friend is wearing short shorts and a black vest. The shot looks as if it has been taken whilst she is in mid pose of dancing, which is a great way to convey our dance genre on the digipak and magazine. If I used this shot I would use it on my magazine and the front of my digipak as she looks like she is having a good time, also as she is in the age brackets of our target audience they will relate well with it. The reason I won't use this photo on my magazine or digipak cover is because her head is facing the floor but I want her to be looking straight or upwards.

In this second photo my friend is dressed in short shorts and a black crop top, so the clothing is slightly more provocative. Although I will not use this picture as her hair is not over her shoulder and for my digipak and magazine cover I wanted her hair to be seen as it will look like she has more movement. If I were to use this picture on my digipak I would crop the sides so it only shows the white background behind her also I would crop out her knees and below so the audience will not be able to see her ugg boots, as those do not conform  to the dance genre.

This third picture is similar to the second one as she is wearing a black crop top and short shorts and her hair is unsettled. To help convey the mid dance pose, her hair is in a position in which it appears that she was moving when the picture had been taken, this is good as it helps convey the dance genre.

Explain what photos you will use for your album and digipak and why?

I will use the third picture on my digipak and magazine cover, as it will convey the dance genre well and appeal to my target audience. As the girl is in the bracket age of my target audience and is striking a dance pose I feel that it will appeal to both our female and male audience. Also she is wearing minimal clothing which relates to dance and her hair is in a moving position. 

Before and after photo showing our photoshop skills

Advert

Digipak

Digipak Reflection 2

·       Do you think your digipak is conventional to your genre? Consider the colours/connotation, images, layout etc
     When designing my digipak I aimed to convey all of the codes and conventions of the dance genre and I would do this by carefully choosing a contrast of colours, images and typography. I have used bright colours for the font and background effects as they portray the bright lights used in clubs and other dance music videos. I have used an image of a woman in this digipak, as it goes well with both of the magazine adverts I have completed. The image itself conveys the dance genre as her clothing is quite provocative and she is in a mid dancing pose, so just by looking at the image I think the audience will be able to tell its a dance genre CD. I have put the 'save the world' logo onto the front of this digipak, as it is the title of the album and it is also used in our music video for the song 'save the world' as a sticker that is like an icon

·       Do you think your target audience will be able to build a relationship with your artist?
     The target audience for my artist is 15-23 which are the main listeners of dance music and are at the age where they would be going out to party's and clubs, so having connotations of a club atmosphere on my digipak will allow my audience to relate to it. Also bright colours connote the outgoing personalities of teenagers/young adults. Although I have not included a image of the artist on my digipak as they are not in my music video either. Instead of having my artist on the digipak I have decided to use an image of a woman posing in a dance postition, wearing minimal clothing. I have used an image of her to convey the dance genre because of her clothing and the way she is posing, so she is more of a mascot for my poster and digipak. All of the images have various effects on them for example on the inside cover I have added an effect using the artistic brush tool and it makes the woman appear like she has been drawn with bright lights, which conveys the dance genre well. I think that my target audience will relate well to the image of the woman as she fits into my target audience age range, also to relate my digipak to my male audience more I have added a picture of a male in a dance pose on the back cover of my digipak. 

Evaluate-

Evaluate each of your slides by commenting on the following:

·       What choices and decisions did you make and why?

·       Are your choices and decisions conventional to your music genre and why?

·       What could you change and why?

      This is the front cover of my second digipak. I have kept the background black as it conveys the dark atmosphere in a party or club, but to make it more vibrant I have added bright pink/purple lines of colour which portray laser lights, also I have added the bright pink colour in the bottom left hand corner of the page so it appears as if the light is shinning on the image of the woman. I have added yellow and red circles of colour on the background and I then used the blur tool to make them slightly more dark as I did not want them to stand out as much as the pink lines. The yellow and red circles could be perceived as a crowd of people at a club or dance concert or as lights shinning down on the crowd. The artists name is at the top of the page and in a big font as it is the most crucial subject to have on the cover, I have used the bank gothic font and used blue writing with a pink outline, although the pink outline is hard to see so if I were to change this cover I would increase the glow of the pink outline. I have put the 'save the world' logo onto the front cover, as it is the title of the album and the title of the song to my music video. As the logo has been created with bright colours such as blue, red and green I have placed it at the bottom of the cover, so the audience can still clearly see it but it doesn't attract more attention then the artist name. If I did another digipak I would change the yellow and red circles on this front cover as I feel they should be brighter to fit the dancing, partying and clubbing atmosphere of luminous colours.

  

     This is one of my inside covers for my second digipak draft. Once again I have kept the basic yet dance conventional black background. Ensuring that the
     inside cover fits the colour scheme of the front cover I have used bright pink behind the image of the dancing
    woman, similar to the front cover the light appears to be shinning on the woman so all of the attention and focus
      is on her. I have used three image of the woman and used a blur effect on it, so she looks like she is dancing. I have added bright coloured spots in the right hand corner to convey the bright lights in a club, although I feel that they shouldn't all be placed in one corner therefore if I did another digipak I would change this inside cover so that the small lights are spread out all over the top of the page.

 This is the thank you page of my digipak. I have kept this cover quite simple yet made sure it applys to the dance codes and conventions. By ensuring that it conveys the dance genre I have put a luminous pink and blue light coming in from the top right hand corner slowly fading out as it gets nears to the center of the page, so this conveys the bright lights in a club. The typography is in bank gothic font so it fits my house style as I have used it on my other pages of this digipak, I have made the font white so that it is clear against the black background and the pink light. Additionally I have put the writing in the center of the page as it is the main subject on the page. I wouldn't change anything about this thank you page as I think it convey the dance genre but isn't too full with colour especially as there is quite a lot of writing.  

     This is the second inside cover of my second digipak draft. Again using a black background to portray the dance genre I have added bright colours, a lens effect and the image of a dancing woman on top. I have used

      a various amount of effects on the image of the dancing woman, one which was done by using the artistic brush effect which makes the woman appear as if she has 

      been drawn with bright lights, which portrays the bright lights in a club. I have used a large size image in the bottom left hand corner and placed other images of the same woman with different effects going from small in the center and gradually getting larger to reach the top right hand corner. This row of images could convey the music getting louder or the shinning light getting wider, both relating to the dance genre. To enhance these

      ideas I have put a pink stroke of light on the outside of the images. I chose to use pink as it is a bright colour, it matches blue and it goes with the feminine images. To make this cover stand out more, I added two circles of pink and then covered it with a 'lens' effect which fits into the dance conventions. Also by adding the circle of pink and the 'lens' effect on top, it fits into my digipak theme of bright lights. The only thing I would change on this inside cover is the two lines of pink, I think I would dim them out slightly so they are not so bright, therefor making the lens stand out more. 

  This is the back cover of my second digipak draft. Using a black background once again, has allowed me to put plenty of colour on top. I have used four colours pink, blue, green and yellow used to convey bright lights which is the theme of my digipak, I have placed them in each corner of the page, so that the smaller spotted lights in the middle of the page will stand out. The typography is in bank gothic font and in white writing, to make this page more creative I have put a green coloured circle behind each letter 'o' and a pink coloured circle behind each letter 'e', but I have only dont it for four letters as I only wanted four different colours and I think too many would ruin the design. I have used the image of the dancing woman in the bottom left hand corner and put a blur effect on her to convey her dancing pose. To try something and possible gain more attention from my male target audience I have added a picture of a man in a dance pose in the top right hand corner. I have also used the blur tool on this image to make him appear as if he is dancing, so it goes well with the image of the woman. I have put the logo of the record company my artist is signed to which is Ministry Of Sound, in the bottom right hand corner. Also the information about copyright and song production is on the bottom of the page in a very small font size as the majority of my target audience will not bother reading it. If I had to change something about this back cover I would put the songs in a vertical numbered list, rather than in the form of a paragraph as it will be easier for my audience to browse through the song list quickly and easily. 

     This is my CD disk cover, I decided to use a white background for this side so that it stands out to all of 

     the other five covers, as it has the physical copy of the CD on it. Although I think black conveys the dance genre better than white, I have added pink and blue lines going diagonally across the page to create the effect of strobe lights. For the physical CD I have made the background black, with a pink glow in the center as it sticks to my bright colour theme. Also I have put 5 images of the dancing woman on the front as she is the mascot of this album and conveys the dance genre well. Also as my artist is not shown on my digipak, magazine or my music video I think that my target audience will relate to this image well. For the image of the woman I have used the same blur effect on this CD as the one I used on the front cover, so that the two pictures relate well and link in. If I had to change my CD cover page I would probably add more effects to the back page to fulfill the crazy, fun dance genre. Also I would add the name of the album 'save the world' on to the CD design so that people know what album it is, but I didn't think to make sure the colours don't clash i would change the background colours.


      To summarize, I think that my second digipak draft conveys the dance genre well, because of the bright colours I have used, the image of the woman and man and the different effects I have used on them. I think the theme of bright lights and the image of the woman, who could be seen as our mascot conveys the dance codes and conventions much better than my first digipak design. Especially as I only used one picture of the woman on my first digipak design. 

Evaluating the Magazine

How did your group share your ideas and design around?
Once we had both finished our two magazine drafts we discussed the different colours we used, the pictures and the typography. We choose to look at what we thought were the best one of each of our two drafts and as we liked different areas from each we decided to mix our ideas together for our final product.

Evaluate Simerons:
What i like about it?
I like the use of the black based background and the bright blue and red beaming light in the center of the page. The colours she has used on her magazine are bright and bold which conveys the dance genre well. Also the enlarged image of the woman in minimal clothing fills the majority of the magazine spread, the clothing and the dance position conveys the dance genre, therefore this will appeal to our target audience as well as fitting in with the dance codes and conventions. The 'Save the World' logo is near the top of the page in big typography, it stands out well and it has been edited to appear like it is flying in a rush to save the world. In the bottom right hand corner there is a small image of her version on the front of the digipak which shows the audience the cover of what the album looks like. Both the album cover and the magazine advert have the same colour scheme which relates to the dance conventions as they both use bright colours and the image of the provocative woman.

How is the magazine conventional to your music genre?
The colours used on Simerons magazine advert are bright and bold which conveys lights in a club. She has used a black background which conveys the dark night time, partying atmosphere. The blur effect she has put on the image of the woman, portrays the fast movement of the dancing she is doing, also the clothing that the woman is wearing fits into the dance genre well as she is wearing minimal clothing including short shorts and a crop top. The bright light in the center of the page conveys a spot light, so it looks like the spot light is shinning on the woman, the colours used for the circle are blue, pink and purple which all go well together. The name of the artist 'Phil and the jukebox' is at the top of the page so it is the first thing to be read, it is in red writing which conveys excitment, therefore portraying that people will be excited to listen to this album.

How can the magazine be improved?
In my opinion I believe that the font for 'Phil and the jukebox' Simeron has used on her digipak is too plain for the dance genre and it doesn't convey it aswell as I think it can be conveyed. So I think that definition needs to be added and possible written in a bigger font as it is the artists name which is the most important part of the magazine advert, but the 'save the world' logo writing stands out much more which I don't think it should even though it is the name of the album.
Also I think the information in the center of the page looks great there but the white blends in slightly with the background so I think the colour should be changed or the writing should be moved to the right of the page so it isn't over the woman. To make the magazine advert stand out more I think that there should be more colour and effects in the background, which will convey the dance genre even more.


What magazine will you submit and why?
As a group we have decided that for our final magazine advert we will take ideas from each of our magazine adverts to create the best one possible. We have discussed the typography, images used and the writing, so we will use the font I have chosen as it conveys the dance conventions the most and we have chosen to use Simerons background idea for the finaly one, and we have both used the same image of the woman so that will aslso be on our final magazine advert as it is a woman in a dance pose and minimal clothing which conveys the dance genre well.

Magazine advert 2

Introduction-

·       Do you think your magazine is conventional to your genre? Consider the colours/connotation, images, layout etc

·       Do you think your target audience will be able to build a relationship with your artist?

 Evaluate-

·       What choices and decisions did you make and why?

·       Are your choices and decisions conventional to your music genre and why?

·       What could you change and why?

     Whilst creating my second magazine draft, I aimed to convey the codes and conventions of the dance genre, so that it will appeal to my tagret audience and portray the type of music my artist makes. I have an image of a woman in minimal clothing, in a dance pose so this fits in well to the stereotypes of clothing for women in the dance genre. I have kept the woman in the bottom left hand corner as she is not the artist so she should not be the focus of the magazine advert, although as she conveys the dance genre well I have enlargened the size of the picture and added a distorted affect. Similarly to my first draft I have used the same four bright colours on this magazine advert, which are pink, blue, green and yellow. I have decided to keep using these colours as they are very bright and eye catching, as well as this they convey the bright lights in a club, so it fits in well with the dance genre. I have used bright coloured circles for the background affect as they portray strobe lights which goes well with the dance genre. I have used the bank gothic font for my writing as I think it is a straight shaped font and appeals to both female and males and it fits in well with the dance genre. I have chosen to use different colours for the information about the album because it makes it more attractive, also the title of the album is in one colour and the number one hit my artist has had is in green, whereas the rest of the writing is in white as it is not key information. I have put the title of my artist at the top of the page towards the left hand corner, as people usually read from the top left hand side, so as it is the most important subject of the magazine advert I thought it would stand out there and it will be the first thing most people look at straight away if they look at the advert. I have made the image of the woman quite large but in the bottom left hand corner as she is not the artist but she could be conveyed as a mascot for this album so it is important she is on there but that she is not the focus. I have put the image of the ministry of sound logo at the bottom right hand corner as it is the record label my artist is signed to but it is not key information for my target audience.


      As I have chosen to make my music video dominantly concept based, I will not be showing my artist, so the artist will not be on my digipak or magazine cover either. Although my artist will not make an appearance I think my audience will build a relationship with the characters in the music video and the dancing woman on the front of my magazine cover. As there are various characters which portray different personas I think my audience will be able to relate to more than one of the characters. For example two entirely different characters would be the kind man who gives the homeless man a burger and the thief who mugs an innocent girl walking down the street. Also other characters in this video are the people dancing in the club, which I think it the most relatable scene for my target audience.


      I used a woman for the image on my magazine advert as I think she will appeal more to both sex's rather than having a man in a dance postition. Also when planning to take this photo of the girl I asked my friend to dress in short shorts and a black crop top, as women in dance videos are usually presented in minimal clothing and have big hair, therefore I the image would be abiding the codes and conventions of dance. As I thought the background of my first magazine draft was too plain I have put in brightly colour circles but so that they fill up the page and so it doesn't look as plain. I have kept the typography for the name of my artist in top left hand side of the page which is the same as my previous magazine advert because it is the dominant product the magazine is conveying.

      Having looked at my second magazine draft I would change the effect I have used on the image of the girl because it doesn't convey the dance genre as much as i would like it too, so I think next time I would use the blur effect to make it seem like the girl is moving fast along to a dance song. I would keep the same font but the blue doesn't stand out enough from the black background so I would change the colour and add a glow effect as it is the name of the artist I want it to stand out the most. I also think I would add a different pattern on the background or I would add more coloured circles but sticking within my colour scheme.

     Having looked at both of my magazine adverts I will submit into final group magazne is my first magazine advert as I prefer the overall layout for example the bright colours at the top which convey the lights in a club, I feel that it conveys the dance genre better than my second magazine advert. Furthermore I think that the colour scheme in my first magazine advert fits better into the dance conventions and is clear and neat, with the main colours being blue, white and pink. Although I will discuss with my group my best magazine advert and theirs and then decide which one is our final.
     

Risk Assesment

Why is it important to consider risks before filming?

It is important to consider risks before filming because I don't want my actors, actresses or other group member to get harmed during the filming. Also if something were to happen it could ruin the whole filming process and we cannot afford to lose time as we have to edit it all. Also whilst filming in Woodford we had to use a car scene, in which I parked my car in the road so that we could film a mid shot of the car lights. The risks that we had to check before doing this were that we used a quiet road and that we parked the car as near to the right as possible to prevent an accident happening with other cars driving past. Also using the storyboards we had previously written out was useful as we knew exactly what to film so we could get it done as fast as possible, preventing less accidents to happen.        

How will the risk assessment assist you with filming?
The risk assessment will help us when we film so that we can prevent any accidents from taking place. Also if there is a scene we need to film but for example it is raining, our scene is outside we will have to put it off, as many risks could happen such as the camera break, the actor slipping if he runs etc. Also part of our filming involves an actor eating a burger so, in case he has any allergies the risk assessment will be a good reminder in making sure we buy a burger that is approved by the actor.  

The risk assessment

Magazine advert 1

Introduction-

·       Do you think your magazine is conventional to your genre? Consider the colours/connotation, images, layout etc

·       Do you think your target audience will be able to build a relationship with your artist?

 Evaluate-

·       What choices and decisions did you make and why?

·       Are your choices and decisions conventional to your music genre and why?

·       What could you change and why?

 Reflection-

·       How will this draft assist you with creating your second?

     When creating my magazine cover I aimed to invovle the the codes and conventions of the dance genre. I decided to make a black background to convey the idea of a club or party as it is dark and mysterious, also using a black background will make the bright lights and writing on my poster stand out more. I have put three bright lights at the top of the poster to convey the bright lights in clubs and to make them seem more like lights I have added a white colour in the middle and a blue misty outter glow. All three colours I have chosen for the bright light effect go together well and stand out. As I have used these three colours for the lights, for the rest of my poster I have stuck to these three colours so that my poster shows a colour scheme, although for part of the writing '(Ft Jo Surf)' I have written it in a green colour so that it stands out as it is a well-known singer so it may persaude the audience to listen to my album or to even buy it. I have chosen the colour white for the title of my artist 'Phil and the jukebox' because it stands out to all of the bright colours and black background, also I have placed it near the top of the poster as it is the most important writing. Also part of it is placed infront of the bright lights so it looks like the light is shinning on the writing, making it stand out and being the focus of the poster. As pink is the main colour of this poster, I have chosen an image of a woman but edited it with a pink glow effect so she matches the colour scheme as well as this she conveys the dance genre as she is wearing short shorts and a crop top and the picture shows notion of looking as it looks like it has captured a picture whilst she is dancing but she doesn't realise. I have put the image of the woman in the bottom left hand corner because this way it doesn't appear to the audience that she is the artist, I have used an image of her to convey the dance genre because of her clothing and the way she is posing, so she is more of a mascot for my poster and digipak. To fit in more of the pink colour scheme I have filled in the ministry of sound logo with a bright pink colour instead of keeping it white, this makes the poster more riveting.
   
      As I have chosen to make my music video dominantly concept based, I will not be showing my artist, so the artist will not be on my digipak or magazine cover either. Although my artist will not make an appearance I think my audience will build a relationship with the characters in the music video and the dancing woman on the front of my magazine cover. As there are various characters which portray different personas I think my audience will be able to relate to more than one of the characters. For example two entirely different characters would be the kind man who gives the homeless man a burger and the thief who mugs an innocent girl walking down the street. Also other characters in this video are the people dancing in the club, which  I think it the most relatable scene for my target audience.

      I decided to use three bright colours for my colour scheme as they all stand out and convey the bright lights in a club, which relates to the dance genre. The glowing affect I have put on the image of the woman is in pink because it is a bright colour and links in well with the three pink circles at the top and the pink logo, but as well as this it is a feminine colour and I think my target audience will relate to it especially the female audience. I have placed the title of our artist at the top in big, white writing so that it stands out and shows the main focus is on it. I have put the ministry of sound logo at the bottom as it is a key thing to have on my magazine advert as my artist is signed to their label but the advert is not trying to promote the label, so it is not that important.
      I would change the colour of the logo back to white, because it may be copyright infringement for changing the colour to pink, so to be sure that doesn't happen I will change it back to the original colour. Also the black background does relate to dance but the magazine looks slightly plain especially the middle section, so I would add more colour and differnet effects to the background to make it more eye catching.

      By creating this magazine advert draft, it has enabled me to see which weak and positive parts I have created in conveying my artist throughout the codes and conventions of the dance genre. As I aim to make my magazine advert stand out I will improve my background as on this draft I think it is too plain to convey the dance genre.

Film Schedule

Why is a filming a schedule important to have?
Creating a filming schedule is important to have because it gives us a list of the different shots to film, which directions have to be made and which scene we will have to film next. Also as we are using low key lighting in the majority of our locations so it is important that we get the correct shots we need in minimum timing as we don't want it to become too dark, otherwise we will have to stop filming and do it another day. Also having the schedule will allow us to film all of the shots we need and add in anymore at the time if we need them.


Did you follow the schedule while filming, or did you make any changes?
Whilst filming we followed the schedule as we wanted to ensure that we captured every shot correctly to be able to produce the best music video possible. Although whilst filming in liverpool street we added in a few extra shots which we thought would look good in the music video, unfortunately there were a few things we had missing that we planned to have such as the cardboard sign. Whilst filming the clubbing scene we decided to add in more than the two shots we had written on the filming schedule, this is because there were too little shots and it would not convey the dance genre well. So to convey the dance genre more we have added extreme close ups, panning shots and mid shots.


The filming schedule

History of music videos

A music video is a short film that is meant to present a visual representation of a song. Modern music videos were primarily made and used as marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. MTV which is a famous music television channel, launched in 1981, originated the format of end-to-end music video programming without any conventional programs. 
Music videos are often called promotion videos or promos, as they are commonly used as promotional devices. Music videos are termed short-form music videos to differentiate them from full length movies relevant to music. In the 1980's the term 'rock video' was commonly used to describe this form of entertainment, although the term has fallen into obsolescence.
The ealiest music videos or music promos were filmed in the mid 1950's, however in the 1920's films by animators such as Oskar Fischinger were accompanied by musical scores labeled 'visual music'.  Walt Disneys 'Silly Symphonies' were also built around music. The Warner Brothers cartoons, like Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, were initially built around specific songs from upcoming Warner Brothers musical films. Live action musical shorts, featuring successful popular performers such as Cab Calloway, were also spread evenly to theaters  The Panoram juxebox with eight three-minute Soundies were popular in taverns and night spots, but the fad faded during the second World War. 
In 1940, Walt Disney released an animated film based on famous pieces of classical music called Fantasia. The beginning of the musical films were made especially for television, played by the Snader Telescriptions who had more than 1000 shorts musical presentations filmed for the use of a television filler between 1950 and 1954.  The Snader Telescriptions covered the entire musical landscape. Although most of them were of stereotypical pop performers, with exceptional performances from rhythm and blues, jazz and country music. Throughout the years, Telescriptions have re-released compilations, such as Showtime at the Apollo.
In 1956 Tony Bennett was filmed walking along the Serpentine in Hyde Park, London as his recording of 'Stranger in Paradise' played. This film was distributed and played by UK and USA television stations, Bennett later pronounced that he made the first music video. According to the Internet Accuracy Project, disk jockey J.P. 'The Big Bopper' Richardson was the first to coin the phrase 'rock video'. Around the 1960's the Scopitone (visual juxebox) was invented in France and short films were produced by many French artist, such as Serge Gainsbourg, Francoise Hardy and Jacques Dutronc to accompany their songs. This spread to other countries and similar machines were introduced such as the Cinebox in Italy and Color-sonic in the USA.  In the 1960's French techonology developed for the aerial photogrpahy during the war was familirised to create the Scopitone, which is a modern visual jukebox. The Scopotone took off well in France with original scenes of various bands playing, but when it was introduced to the USA the videos had sharp quality, with crooners wondering through crowds of girls in bikinis or "jungle" furs.  As much as the Scopitone also hit off well in the USA, the involvement of organized crime led to its downfall, just as rock and roll was being brought in. Additionally in the 60's, the Light Show became popular for live performances, combining music with complex visuals.
In 1964 The Beatles film 'A Hard Day's Night', directed by Richard Lester, was the first work defining the development of modern music. The musical pieces in this film set out the basic visual vocabulary of todays music videos, arousing a huge number of contamporary musicians and countless subsequent pop and rock group music videos. Although the American TV series which ran from 1966 to 1968 called The Monkees was another important influence on the development of the music video genre. Each episode along with a number of specially made segements that were created to accompany the Mokees songs used in the series. The Beatles the genre to a new level with their innovating films for 'Strawberry Fields Forever' and 'Penny Lane' made in 1967, which used techniques from underground and avant garde film, such as reversed film effects, dramatic lighting, unusual camera angles and rhythmic editing. This was created at the peak of the psychedelic music period, which these two landmark films are amoung the very first purpose-made concept videos that attempt to 'illustrate' the song in an artful manner, rather than just creating a film of an idealized performance. In 1966 the music video of Bob Dylan performing 'Subterranean Homesick Blues' filmed by D A Pennebaker shows ironic portrayal of a performance and the random inclusion of a celebrity Allen Ginsberg in a non-performing role also became anchor of the form.

        In 1966 The Beatles started filming short promotional films for their songs which were later aired on television variety shows. During this year the band had their last tour and used their promotional films to tour for them. It then became a common place for artists to do this and similar bands such as The Byrds and The Beach Boys were also filming promotional films. The very first music video of the modern era was produced by an ex member of Monkee, michael Nesmith who started making short musical films for Saturday Night Live in 1979. He went on to release Elephant parts in 1981, which was the first video album and first winner of a Grammy for music video. He also made a show called Television parts which aired on NBC television, but this was not very successful, due to network meddling like intrusive laugh tracks. Throughout the 1980's promotional videos had a de regiueur (strict dress code), a rise which was famously parodied by UK, BBC television programme not The Nine O'clock News who produced a spoof music video 'Nice Video, Shame About The Song'. In the information technology era, they are now popular songs themselves, but also are being sold in collections on video tape and DVD. Fanatics of music videos will sometimes watch them muted just for their aesthetic value. Aslong as the internet has been around, more and more fan-created videos have been appearing, especially since the 1990's and have continued into the next century. These are generally made by synchornizing existing footage from other sources with the song, often from television series or movies. More commonly the source material is drawn from animated cartoons, such as anime but also including america animation series. Since the music and the film footage is licensed, ditributing these videos tends to be copyright infrigement on both parts. Although, it is usually the owners of film footage who file lawsuits, particularly large American corporations who fear infusion of their characters such as Charlie Brown, by these unlicensed videos.