Monday, 5 November 2012

Research into chosen music genres




For my music video I have decided to use the dance genre. A lot of dance music videos are varied from concept to narrative to performance based, which allows me to base my video on any of those three. Some of the best artists who fall into the dance genre category I would say are Rihanna, Lady gaga, Ne-yo, Beyonce, David Guetta and Pet shop boys. Also at a teenager most mainstream music is dance/pop so doing dance will appeal to the majority of people the same age as me and if people like dance music then it will be more likely that they will want to watch a video for dance music rather than another genre. Although performance based videos are one of the main characteristics of dance genre music videos I have decided to go against this stereotype when filming my music video as I think it is important to show the audience something different and unexpected, Swedish House Mafia have definitely inspired me to do this as their music video for greyhound is concept and narrative based only.

David Guetta - Without You (Featuring Usher)


      David Guettas' video 'Without You' featuring usher, is 60%performance based and 40% concept based. There is a good mix of high key and low key lighting throughout the video which is a good mix expecially as the video is based on the dance gerne, and the different lightings and mise en scenes keep the video more interesting to watch. The first shot shows the globe of the world, and then zooms in to show South America, then writing appears in the bottom left hand corner which says 'Brazil 6.07am' which tells the audience where in the world part of this video is based. There is then an establishing shot of  an empty beach in Brazil. There is then a straight cut to someone waving the Brazillian flag and a tracking shot of David Guetta walking through a crowd of people whilst high fiving them. There are mid shots of people waving their hands in the air which relates to the dance genre as there is a big crowd of people and they are enjoying the music. There is then another shot of the globe but this time is shows South Africa and because its 9.07pm there is low key lighting, but again there is a tracking shot of David Guetta walking through the crowd high fiving people. There is then a straight cut to a mid shot of Usher standing on the same beach which appeared at the beginning in Brazil, he is wearing dark coloured clothing, such as black jeans and a tshirt, with a dark denim jacket, which usually you would see on young people. He is also wearing big gold chains to show off his wealth and to add to his cool, rich style he is wearing large sunglasses which have gold edges. The next two places the video is set in is Thailand and the United States, in which the mise en scene is a beach similar to Brazil.




   Just before the second verse there is a close up of David Guetta turning one of the objects on his Dj set, which connotes turning on a beat which follows in the second verse. David Guetta is wearing a checkered shirt and a denim jacket, which is similar to ushers outfit choice, both relate to the dance genre as its clothing that young people wear. Also he is wearing red headphones which are from a brand called 'beats' which are good quality but quite expensive headphones which are targeted towards 15-20 year olds. As the dance genre is modern and classed as a cool genre, by David Guetta wearing beats, he is advertising this to his target demographic. As well as this he is wearing sunglasses to convey his fame and he is also wearing jewelry on his wrist, connoting his wealth.
There are then mid shots of the crowd dancing and clapping along to the song, as this is the majority of the video it relates in well to the dance genre. There is a long shot of David Guetta on stage with one hand in the air, and the camera is placed just at the top of the crowd so we can see the crowds heads and arms as they put their hands up to show they are enjoying the concert.
     Just before the chorus starts, on the held note of 'without' there is a mid shot of David Guetta with his arms spread out signalling the crowd with his hands to keep jumping along with the music, he then puts his arms on his side and when 'you' comes in he throws his hands in the air and starts jumping. Next there is a straight cut to the beach mise en scene in the United States, where people are dancing in swimwear. It then shows a mid shot of speakers on the beach and the sand moving up and down to connote an earthquake, after this there is a shot of a crack appearing through the ground in a carpark. After this there is slow motion editing on the people dancing. There is a close up to their feet, which portrays how much force is hitting the ground that they have caused the earthquake. The next mise en sceen shown is a skate park, you can tell as there is graffiti on the floor which relates to the dance genre well and there are ramps, for people to skate up.
Half way through the video when the third verse comes in the globe of the world is shown again, and has been edited as South America appears to be moving, there is then a straight cut to the man holding up the Brazillian flag which may connote that the country moving is Brazil, as it then joins on to Asia and there is a straight cut to the concert in Thailand. By editing the video in this way it creates a concept which is clear to follow, and it also makes the video interesting but still relates to the dance genre by having four different concerts which eventually join up to one. So I think the concept trying to be shown in this video is that music brings everybody together and the lyrics meaning is that without music David Guetta and Usher would not be where they are today.








Calvin Harris - 'Let's Go' (Featuring Ne-yo)


In Calvin Harris' video for 'Lets Go' featuring Ne-yo it is set in various places around the world including Rio, Los Angeles and Tokoyo. The establishing shot shows houses in Rio, Brazil and we can tell because there is white bold writing in the center of the screen which says Rio, we then see the back of a man who says in Brazilian 'lets go'. There is a straight cut to the next establishing shot which is a house with a man sitting on the stairs in Los Angeles, which then cuts to the inside of the house showing a long shot of a woman lying on a sofa and a man in the foreground saying 'lets hit the gym'. The final establishing shot is of Tokoyo city, there is then a straight cut to a mise en scene of a bedroom where a man is telling a girl to wake up 'Aiko, lets go, wake up'. During the music video it follows the lives of these three main people in different cities. So within the first 20 seconds of the music video without having even started the music, there is a link to the song title 'lets go' but so far the audience cannot tell whether it is a music video for the dance genre because it has not yet come under the codes and conventions of the dance genre. The video is 50% concept and 50% narrative based. It isn't a stereotypical dance video as there is no performance. The fast paced upbeat song synchronises well with the visuals as two of the stories we follow are based in cities which are very lively and exciting and the third is set in a gym with a man doing boxing and press-ups so the quick movements and exercises fit in well with dance music. There is also a girl who is dancing which goes with the codes and conventions of the dance genre. There are also scenes of groups of people dancing in Brazil, in which there is a long shot to capture everyone dancing. Throughout the whole video the two artists Calvin Harris and Neyo are not shown at all this is quite common in dance music videos as usually the artist creates the music but doesn't necessarily know how to dance or as a lot of dance music videos are performance based the artist doesn't always fit in well with the video.






     The research I have done on dance artists has widened my knowledge about the genre and codes and conventions dance consists of. With this research I will be able to create a dance music video which sticks to the codes and conventions of the dance genre. It has given my knowledge of with camera angles and editing skills to use to help develop a good dance music video.  Analysing both videos have also given me an insight to what type of clothing we should have our characters wear and it is important for them to convey different meanings depending on which colour clothing and what type of clothing they wear, for example Usher is dressed in dark clothing and has gold chains and sunglasses connoting wealth and fame.

Lyrics analysis



"Into the streets, we're coming downWe never sleep, Never get tiredThrough urban fields, and suburban lifeTurn the crowd up now, We'll never back downShoot down a skyline, watch it in primetimeTurn up the love now, listen up now, turn up the loveWho's gonna save the world tonight?Who's gonna bring you back to life?We're gonna make it, you and IWe're gonna Save The World tonightOhoh oh oh, oh oh ohoh oh [x9]We're far from home, it's for the betterWhat we dream, it's all that mattersWe're on our way, unitedTurn the crowd up now, We'll never back downShoot down a skyline, watch it in primetimeTurn up the love now, listen up now, turn up the loveWho's gonna save the world tonight?Who's gonna bring you back to life?We're gonna make it, you and IWe're gonna Save The World tonightOhoh oh oh, oh oh ohoh oh [repeated til end]"Axwell from Swedish house Mafia said in an interview with Artist Direct when the song was first released that "We wanted to make something that sums everything up after a two- or three-hour DJ set. It connects everybody to something pretty emotional and uplifting. We wanted our own end of the night track, and that was the idea behind 'Save the World.' We got this vocal from John Martin, and it was awesome to work with. It was a pleasure structuring the track with all of the parts. The challenge that we had was to make it energetic enough. Sometimes, when there are so many melodies, instruments, and vocals, it's hard to make the track uplifting. However, we managed to get the energy in there."
The first verse                     "Into the streets, we're coming down                  We never sleep, Never get tired                  Through urban fields, and suburban life" brings up the issue of there being problems in the street and this matches the visuals in the music video. Urban suggest a rough area where many problems could accur, which may be why they added it because by saving the world they want to resolve and stop this issues and urban areas may be where it accurs the most. In this song they are singing about saving the world and that is theyre dream. If everyone is united and on the same side then thats all that matters and they believe they can save the world. The lyrics 'turn the crowd up now' relates to the volume of the music, the 'crowd' are conveyed as music and the louder the music gets the louder the crowd will be, also portraying that they are having a good time if there is a lot of noise. 'We'll never back down' shows determination that they will not give up untill they save the world. The chorus              "Who's gonna save the world tonight?              Who's gonna bring you back to life?              We're gonna make it, you and I              We're gonna save the world tonight"connotes that they are telling the audience in question and answer form that they can save the world aswell as the audience listening. Axwell from Swedish house Mafia said in an interview with Artist Direct when the song was first released that "We wanted to make something that sums everything up after a two- or three-hour DJ set. It connects everybody to something pretty emotional and uplifting. We wanted our own end of the night track, and that was the idea behind 'Save the World.' We got this vocal from John Martin, and it was awesome to work with. It was a pleasure structuring the track with all of the parts. The challenge that we had was to make it energetic enough. Sometimes, when there are so many melodies, instruments, and vocals, it's hard to make the track uplifting. However, we managed to get the energy in there."

Sunday, 4 November 2012

Questionnaire


 Questionnaires are important when trying to reach a specific target audience because it is important to know what they look for in a music video as it is aimed at them so I want to ensure that we create a video they will enjoy watching.
My group only consists of two people so we both shared the task of designing and asking people about our questionnaire. We asked 40 people in total to ensure that we received a good mixture of answers.
One of the closed questions on the list is 'which music video do you prefer?' and concept received the highest amount of votes with 50% of people saying they prefer it the most, 32% of people said narrative and performance come third with 18% of votes. Getting this feedback is good because I now know to mainly create a concept based music video with some narrative to it. Another closed question I asked was 'which of the following questions do you think are best for a dance video?'  and the five answers they could choose from were field, club, house, street, city. 'Street' had the most votes with 32% and 'field' got the least votes with only 12%, although there isn't a huge difference in the two percentages this has given me a guidance of where to film my music video. One of the closed questionnaires that had the biggest impact on deciding which song to use was 'what is your favourite music channel?' because out of the 6 answers which were kerrang, magic, MTV dance, scuzz, kiss and the box, the channel that received the highest percentage of votes was MTV dance with 36%. This shows that a lot of people enjoy watching dance music videos so it narrowed my choices of artists to pick from for my music video. Although Swedish House Mafia didn't get the most percentage in the question 'Which track do you prefer most out of the following?' they only got 2% less than the top percentage so I decided to stick with Swedish House Mafia as my chosen artist. Also after researching Swedish House Mafias music videos most of them are concept based and narrative based, so as those were the two highest percentages over performance I will stick to doing a music video for a song by Swedish House Mafia. 
After taking action to our questionnaire and capturing it on the cam-recorder we entered the data into a sheet using Microsoft excel and by doing so we also used it to create pie charts. We decided to create pie charts because it was a useful and more clear way to read the data easily, also we then made the percentages show up on the pie charts which was helpful as it is good data to have and much more efficient to read of off when comparing each answer.
We created the questionnaire to get a wider understanding of what type of music and which different artists teenagers are into these days. It also gave us an insight into which type of music videos they prefer e.g. concept, performance and narrative based. Filming and asking the questions went well, as everyone we asked gave great feedback and were willing to take part. Also as there is only two of us in the group, for this particular task I did the majority of the filming whilst Simeron asked the questions which worked really well. Before going out to do the task I was worried the filming could go wrong or the lighting and sound factors would go wrong but luckily after converting the film onto the mac and watching it back it was all fine. Therefore in doing this research it will help us decide on the main factors for our music video including which location it is shot at and it has helped us decide on which song to choose.


To conclude, the primary research I have carried out by creating a questionnaire has enabled me to make the best decisions that will appeal to my target audience. As I have asked 15-24 year olds their opinions on open and closed questions it will allow me to create a music video for the dance genre which will fit in the to codes and coventions of dance but also will attract my target audience but will hopefully appeal to everyone, as the message conveyed is aimed at everybody.


The Questionnaire:

1.      Are you male or female?

Male                     Female

2.      What is your favourite genre of music?

Dance 
Pop
Country
Rap
Hip hop
R&B
Rock

 
3.      What is your favourite music video?


.........................................................................................................................................

 
4.      Which track do you prefer the most out of the following:

Chase and status- pieces
Swedish House mafia – Don’t you worry child
Rihanna Ft Calvin Harris – We Found Love
David Guetta – titanium
Neyo ft calvin harris – lets go
DJ fresh ft ravaughn – The Feeling


5.      What type of video do you prefer?

Narrative
Performance
Concept

 
6.      What do you look for in a music video?

Lyrics to match the visuals
Editing matches the song
Artist to be in the music video
When the artist doesn’t conform to the stereotypical conventions

 
7.      What is your favourite music channel?

Kerrang
Magic
MTV Dance
Scuzz
Kiss
The Box


8.      Do you like strong editing effects?

Yes
No

 
9.      Which of the following locations do you think are best for a dance music video?

Field
Club
House
Street
In a city


10.  Is it important for the audience to see the artist during the video?

Yes
No

Tuesday, 23 October 2012

Applying for copyright





The purpose of copyright is to protect work and only allowing people to use it with the owners permission. Copyright applies to any medium, which means no-one can reproduce copyright protected work in another medium without permission of the owner. Which includes uploading photos on the internet, making a sound recording of a book, painting a photograph, uploading a song onto the internet etc. Copyright only protects work which is complete, if it is an idea copyright will not protect it, it has to be in writing that it has copyright which means you have to apply for it. A copyright piece of work can have more than one copyright, or another intellectual property (IP) right, connected to it. E.g. an album can have separate copyrights for individual songs, sound recordings, artwork etc. Copyright can protect the artwork of your logo and you could also register the logo as a trade mark. Several things copyright can protect are:
-literary works (novels, instructions manuals, computer programs)
-Dramatic works (dance, mime)
-Musical works
-Artistic works (paintings, engravings, photographs, collages, diagrams)
-Layouts or typographical arrangements (Publishing work, book for instance)
-Recordings (sound and film)
-Broadcasts (work)

In the United States, if somebody deliberately breaks copyright laws it is considered a misdemeanor in most states of America. In recent years, companies have become more aggressive to individuals who break copyright laws then ever before. There are various laws pending that may change copyright laws. Punishments for copyright go from a degree of paying a fine to imprisonment. Here are the range of consequences for breaking copyright laws:
-Young offenders can be sentences to commnity and service and education about coyright law. In 2005, in Arizona a teenager was sentenced to a fine of over £3million hours of community service and a 3-month hail term and had to stay away from file-sharing programs and had to take copyright law classes.
-If you are found guilty for infringing, the owner of the copyright material can sure you for monetary damages. Which means the guilty party could pay up to millions depending on how much the owner lost due to lack of sales for their materials.
- Willful infringement can cost someone £600 to £195,000 per each stolen work.
- Innocent infringement, is when the person brakes copyright laws without intenting to can still cost them from £195 to £97,5000.
- In some cases copyright can be taken to court in which case some judges can impose fines on individuals convicted of copyright infringement. Convited individuals can be banned from file-sharing sites or the internet by order from a judge. Repeat offenders/individuals/companies who are stealing copyrighted materials and selling them for profit can be fined up to £650,000.
- Peer-to-peer convicts can be sent to jail for up to three years. Distributors can go to jail for up to five years for a first offense and can be sentenced up to 10 years for subsequent offenses.





The email above was sent to one of Swedish House Mafias managers, which I did not receive a reply.

I had to apply for copyright because I am using a song by a worldwide artist(swedish house mafia) who are signed to Universal Music Group, therefore it would be illegal for me to use their song and make a music video for it. Copyright is very strict on music especially as music is the only thing that gets automatically copyright, so if I used an artists song without their permission there record label could take legal action against me. So ensuring that this doesn't happen I have emailed and phoned their record label to ask for copyright permission but unfortunately they have not replied.

The first step to finding out who to email for copyright permission for Swedish House Mafia's song, was to go onto their website. After getting onto their website I found out what record label they were signed to which is Universal Music Group. I went on to the Universal Music group website which is umusic.co.uk and I found an email to contact which came under media and press queries, so I have emailed them but they have not got back to be. After two weeks of no reply, I emailed them again and am waiting for a reply, but as it has been longer then a week I have called them but did not get through.






Monday, 8 October 2012

Major Record Labels


Here is a pie chart of the world music market sales share according to IFPI in 2005. It shows the four biggest record labels Universal Music Group(UMG), Sony BMG, EMI Group and Warner Music Group taking up 71.6% of music sale incomes whilst independent labels on recieved 28.4% of the shares. Also considering the fact that there are thousands of independent labels all over the world and UMG as a whole are almost making as much money as them. 


[[[[[ 1. Who are the major labels in the UK currently?
2.    Who do the major labels manage?
3.    Do the major labels own smaller companies and which artists do they manage?
4.    Are there any links within Media e.g TV/Film/Magazines etc
1.    Identify some of the independent labels in the UK and a brief history of each.
2.    What artists are signed to these labels
1.    Is it right from a music point of view as well as an industry point of view that 4 companies dominate the music industry?
2.    What affect do you think this has on the industry?
3.    Are Independent labels as successful as major labels, how do you judge this?
4.    Is there anything that independent labels offer the industry that the majors do not? ]]]]

I don't think there is an issue with four big record companies dominating the music industry because many artists that are not signed to them still become very successful.  In the music industry today most recording artist are reliant on their record labels to widen their consumer base, market their albums and be promoted and heard on the radio and television. Although as social networking is increasing in popularity and is an easy way to advertise yourself to people in quick time, great artists don't need to be signed to the biggest labels to be successful, they can gain fans by posting videos on youtube and their own music on sound cloud or myspace, also the internet is a great way to gain new audiences. Although the four big record labels may be able to create and advertise a commercial artist, the main source of money they get is from fans so if an artist signed to an independent record has an amazing album, I think via the internet and magazine they can gain just as many fans and sell as many CDs as a pop artist. 
I think that having four big record companies dominating the music industry does have an effect on smaller record companies as the big four have the most well known artists around the world they will be making the most money unlike smaller independant labels. Having four big labels does make smaller independent labels less noticable so in that sense it isn't good for independent labels. Although most independent labels sign artists with niche audience's that music will not appeal to a lot of people for example Clay Records is an independent record label founded in 1980 in England and they signed a band called Discharge whos single was distributed from the boot of his car but made it to the top 10 indie chart in the music magazine Sounds. So independent records do receive reconigtion and success with the artists and bands they sign but usually do not appeal to a large target audience so i wouldn't say the big four labels affect them that much.
Independent labels usually sign bands under the genres of more niche audiences, such as rock, indie, punk and powerpop. So for fans of these genres small independent records fill the gap well as they can supply this music.  Although I wouldn't say the independent record labels are as successful as the big four because firstly the music their artist make does not appeal to a wide target audience, also they don't have as many ways to spread the name of their artists/band around apart from the internet so they aren't as successful but there are still bands and artists which are from independent labels that are now well known for example the Artic Monkeys, Radiohead and The Kaiser Chiefs.










       Island Records are one of the most prestigious record labels in the UK but was founded in 1959 in Jamaica by a man called Chris Blackwell who started running the company with a budget of only £1000. In the early 60s Chris Blackwell relocated to London and went on to build the most diverse and enviable catalogue of any independent record label in history. The label expanded from ska and rock-steady to become the cutting edge of progressive rock in the late 60s, signing international artists such as Bob Marley and U2 and now mainly focus on pop and rock. Chris Blackwell has a unique vision and passion for music which is still used in some forms to the labels approach today. Island Records are a stand alone record in the UK but in America they operate as a division of The Island Def Jam Music Group. Some of the artists they have signed are Mumford and sons, Amy Winehouse, Akon, Blink 182, Ben Howard,  Jack Johnson, Drake and many more. 










Fierce panda records is an independent record label based in London and was founded in 1994 by Simon Williams. In 1997 Fierce panda released a sub label called Rabid Badger Records which released dance orientated music and later in 1998 they released another sub-label called Livid Meerkat to release post-rock music. They are well known for compliation albums and EPs, whose titles are mainly puns.They manage bands such as Coldplay, Death Cab for Cutie, The Blackout, Seafood and many more. 









 

       Apple Record label are based in London and was set up by John Lennon and paul Mcartney, they are a division of apple corps ltd, which was originally set up by Allen Klein in 1969 and later by Neil Aspinall who retired in 2007 and was replaced by Jeff Jones. Their aim is to mix business with enjoyment. Some of the artists they manage are Mary Hopkin, James Taylor and Billy Preston.




      EMI music is a British multinational music company based in London. It is the fourth largest busines group and family of record labels in the recording industry and was one of the big four record companies, which is now the 'big three'. EMI group has a major publishing arm who are EMI music publishing, which is also based in London with offices globally. EMI was a member of the Recording industry association of america (RIAA) and international federation of the phonographic industry (IFPI). When EMI first began as the gramophone company they established subsidiary operations in a number of other countries including India, Australia and New Zealand. The subsidiary labels in Austrlia and New Zealand dominated  the popular music industries from 1920 to the 1960s, until other labels like Festival Records started to come around and challlenge the near monopoly of EMI. In 1931 when EMI was formed, it opened the recording studios at Abbey Road, London which is now legendary. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s some of the artists which recorded there are Arturo Toscanini, Sir Edward Elgar and Otto Klemperer. During this period EMI took on their first A&R managers which included George Martin, who brought the Beatles into the EMI business.
      EMI were forced to sell Columbia USA as anti-trust action was taken by its American competitors. At this time the record industry had been hit hard by the depression and in 1934 a muchdiminished Columbia USA was bought for $70,500 by American Record Corporation-Brunswick Record, which also acquired the Okeh label. EMI had the rights to the Columbia name in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. It continued to operate the label with good success until the 1972, when it was retired and replaced by the EMi records.
      On the 12th November 2012 EMI sold their recorded music operations to Universal Music group for £1.2billion. EMI put their publishing operations up for bid, Warner brothers company bidded £2billion but got knocked out by a sony-led consortium who bought it for £2.2billion.
     EMI manage many world wide known artists and bands of various genres of music such as Blur, Coldplay, Creed, Conor Maynard, Deadmau5, Emeli Sande, Jet, Katy Perry, Matt Redman, Nickelback, Pet Shop Boys, Snopp Dogg and many more.










      Ministry of sound are an independant British record label who were first established in 1995 with the release of The Annual, which is a compilation album of various dance tracks mixed by UK DJs Boy George and Pete Tong. The annual sold over 160,000 copies and paved the way for a now-global label with over 50 million dance albums and singles sold to date. Eric Prydz and Benny Benassi are two artist who are signed to Ministry of Sound and have won awards for their music videos and have continuing sales of over 4 million copies per annum. Ministry of Sound continue to deliver albums and singles throughout their compilation brands The Annual, Clubbers guide and Anthems. Data records are a subsidairy label of Ministry of Sound and were created to house more of their commercial dance music single releases. They have gone on to get several number 1s, top 5 and top 10 hits across the world since its inception in 1999, including Eric Prydz - Pjanoo, kid Cudi vs crookers - Day n nite, Example - Kickstart and Sidney Samsons - riverside lets go, before being renamed ministry of sound recordings and enjoying chart success with Alex Gaudino, Tim Berg and Wretch 32.
      In 2011 ministry of sound made four number one singles (DJ Fresh 'Louder', Wretch 32 'Don't Go' and Example 'Changed The Way You Kiss Me' and 'Stay Awake'), a number one album by Example 'Playing in the shadows' and a number four album Wretch 32 'Black and white'.
      Dance nation are a independant British record label and are a subsidiary of Ministry of Sound. It was founded in 2007 and were then known as Hard2Beat records, but rebranded to thier current nae in 2010. The first release from dance nation was in 2007 and was a song by Basshunter called 'Now you're gone'. In April 2009 they held Dance Nation Live an arena tour across the UK, Basshunter headlined the tour but there were other acts inlcluding sash!, Lasgo and Platnum. Dance Nation has its own customised content channel on Audiotube.










      Sony Music Entertainment(SME/Sony Music) is the second largest global record music company of the 'big three' record companies and were renamed from American record Corporation in 1991. SME is a subsidiary label controlled by Sony Corporation of America and they have officies spread over 42 countries, although the headqauters are in Ney York City. The company have a record of some of the most important recordings in history. It is home to premier record labels representing music from every genre. SME have a broad range of artists both local and international superstars for example Carrie Underwood, Michael Jackson, Karmin, Dry the River, Usher and Rita Ora and many more.
      Some of SME subsidiary record labels include Beach street records, Columbia Records, Epic records, Sony classical and Volcano.




     Warner Music Group(WMG) is the fourth biggest record label in music sales. It is an American major global music andentertainment conglomerate headquartered in New York City and are the largest American-owned music corporation worldwide. It is one of the 'big three' recording companies and they operate some of the largest and most successful recording labels in the world, including Warner Bros. Records and Atlantic records.  WMG started off as a small business in Bond Street, London selling sheet music and musical instruments the shop was called Chappell & Co who are now one of the most biggest publishing companies in the world. In 1929 Louis Dreyfus acquires Chappell & Co beginning a period of rapid expansion for the company and Jack Warner founds music publishers holding company to acquire music copyrights for use in films. In 1947 Ahmet Ertegun and Herb Abramson found Atlantic Records. In 1958 Jack Warner founds Warner Bros. records as a soundtrack factory for Warner Bros. movie studios. Warner Bros first number one hit was by Bob Newhart's Button Down Mind of Bob Newhart. in 1970 Kinney National became Warner Communications and forms Warner-Elektra-Atlantic(WEA Corp), the first major music distribution company in the U.S., marking the origins of the Warner Music Group. Later in 1973 Warner buy Asylum records and open international offices in New Zealand. It wasn't until 1974 that the Warner Music Group had their first logo created by Saul Bass. From 1975 to 2000 they have opened offices around the world including South America and Southeast Asia. In 2000 WMG created the first library of digital downloads in the U.S. and Canada and a year later sold their music through itunes. With the help of the internet in 2002 WMG became the first major music company to deliver a comprehensive wireless music service using a leading wireless provider platform and sold their first MP3 downloads via AOL. In 2005 they recived 11.3% of the music market. In 2006 WMG buy Ryko Corporation and forms independent Label Group with the mission of empowering labels and artists in the independent music community, a year after that in 2007 WMG announces they will sell DRM-free music through Amazons MP3 music store. WMG have been named "most admired companies" by  Fortune magazines and were listed under "50 most innovative companies" by fast company magazine. In 2010 WMG announce that new revenue streams, in digital and non-digital businesses made up 40% of company revenue, which was essentially zero in 2004. That percentage means that WMG's active global recorded music roaster passes 50% for the first time. In 2011 WMG became a subsidiary label of Access Industries who bought them for £2.4 billion pounds so they are no longer a publicly-traded on the NYSE. Warner has subsidiary labels which include Asylum, Atlantic, Lava, Reprise, Rhino and Warner Bros. Some of the most successful artists they have signed are Green Day, Madonna, My Chemical Romance and Paramore. Warner's subsidiary label Atlantic have also signed successful artists such as Kid Rock, Sean Paul, Flo Rida, Trey Songz, Matchbox Twenty, Jason Mraz and Simple Plan. Lava is a smaller subsidiary label who have only signed Jessie J, Black Veil Brides and CJ Holland. Lava records is run by a man called Jason Flom who is an American music industry executive who previously worked as chairman and CEO of Atlantic records.

Bibliography
      http://www.islandrecords.co.uk/
      http://www.fiercepanda.co.uk/
      http://www.applerecords.com/
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Records
      http://www.emimusic.com/
      http://www.ministryofsound.com/
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Sound
      http://www.sonymusic.com/
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Music_Group